7 = 2 + 5 Sangaku
A slew of sangaku problems deal with chains of inscribed circles, see, for example, Steiner's sangaku. The elegant sangaku below is the simplest in the collection by Fukagawa and Pedoe (1.8.6), yet it gives a chance to discuss a formula that was not used so far anywhere else at the site.
The points T, A, B are collinear and TA = 2r and TB = 2s. The circles C1(r) and C2(s) have diameters TA and TB respectively. The circle O1(r1) touches AB, touches C1(r) externally and C2(s) internally, and we then form a chain of contact circles Oi(ri)
7 / r4 = 2 / r7 + 5 / r1.
References
- H. Fukagawa, D. Pedoe, Japanese Temple Geometry Problems, The Charles Babbage Research Center, Winnipeg, 1989
Write to:
Charles Babbage Research Center
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This sangaku dates from 1814 and was written in the Gumma prefecture.
The points T, A, B are collinear and TA = 2r and TB = 2s. The circles C1(r) and C2(s) have diameters TA and TB respectively. The circle O1(r1) touches AB, touches C1(r) externally and C2(s) internally, and we then form a chain of contact circles Oi(ri)
7 / r4 = 2 / r7 + 5 / r1.
Solution
The derivation of a more traditional formula for the common chain of circles inscribed in an arbelos
rn = ts / (n² + t + t²).
is easily adapted to the present case. The result is the following formula
(*) | rn = 4ts / ((2n - 1)² + 4t + 4t²), |
where t = r / (s - r). Denoting
- r1 = 4s / (1 + S),
- r4 = 4s / (7² + S),
- r7 = 4s / (13² + S),
which we plug into the required identity
7 / r4 = 2 / r7 + 5 / r1
getting
7(7² + S) = 2(13² + S) + 5(1 + S)
which simplifies to
7·7² = 2·13² + 5.
As one can easily verify, both sides are equal to 343.
Sangaku
- Sangaku: Reflections on the Phenomenon
- Critique of My View and a Response
- 1 + 27 = 12 + 16 Sangaku
- 3-4-5 Triangle by a Kid
- 7 = 2 + 5 Sangaku
- A 49th Degree Challenge
- A Geometric Mean Sangaku
- A Hard but Important Sangaku
- A Restored Sangaku Problem
- A Sangaku: Two Unrelated Circles
- A Sangaku by a Teen
- A Sangaku Follow-Up on an Archimedes' Lemma
- A Sangaku with an Egyptian Attachment
- A Sangaku with Many Circles and Some
- A Sushi Morsel
- An Old Japanese Theorem
- Archimedes Twins in the Edo Period
- Arithmetic Mean Sangaku
- Bottema Shatters Japan's Seclusion
- Chain of Circles on a Chord
- Circles and Semicircles in Rectangle
- Circles in a Circular Segment
- Circles Lined on the Legs of a Right Triangle
- Equal Incircles Theorem
- Equilateral Triangle, Straight Line and Tangent Circles
- Equilateral Triangles and Incircles in a Square
- Five Incircles in a Square
- Four Hinged Squares
- Four Incircles in Equilateral Triangle
- Gion Shrine Problem
- Harmonic Mean Sangaku
- Heron's Problem
- In the Wasan Spirit
- Incenters in Cyclic Quadrilateral
- Japanese Art and Mathematics
- Malfatti's Problem
- Maximal Properties of the Pythagorean Relation
- Neuberg Sangaku
- Out of Pentagon Sangaku
- Peacock Tail Sangaku
- Pentagon Proportions Sangaku
- Proportions in Square
- Pythagoras and Vecten Break Japan's Isolation
- Radius of a Circle by Paper Folding
- Review of Sacred Mathematics
- Sangaku à la V. Thebault
- Sangaku and The Egyptian Triangle
- Sangaku in a Square
- Sangaku Iterations, Is it Wasan?
- Sangaku with 8 Circles
- Sangaku with Angle between a Tangent and a Chord
- Sangaku with Quadratic Optimization
- Sangaku with Three Mixtilinear Circles
- Sangaku with Versines
- Sangakus with a Mixtilinear Circle
- Sequences of Touching Circles
- Square and Circle in a Gothic Cupola
- Steiner's Sangaku
- Tangent Circles and an Isosceles Triangle
- The Squinting Eyes Theorem
- Three Incircles In a Right Triangle
- Three Squares and Two Ellipses
- Three Tangent Circles Sangaku
- Triangles, Squares and Areas from Temple Geometry
- Two Arbelos, Two Chains
- Two Circles in an Angle
- Two Sangaku with Equal Incircles
- Another Sangaku in Square
- Sangaku via Peru
- FJG Capitan's Sangaku
- Arbelos - the Shoemaker's Knife
- 7 = 2 + 5 Sangaku
- Another Pair of Twins in Arbelos
- Archimedes' Quadruplets
- Archimedes' Twin Circles and a Brother
- Book of Lemmas: Proposition 5
- Book of Lemmas: Proposition 6
- Chain of Inscribed Circles
- Concurrency in Arbelos
- Concyclic Points in Arbelos
- Ellipse in Arbelos
- Gothic Arc
- Pappus Sangaku
- Rectangle in Arbelos
- Squares in Arbelos
- The Area of Arbelos
- Twin Segments in Arbelos
- Two Arbelos, Two Chains
- A Newly Born Pair of Siblings to Archimedes' Twins
- Concurrence in Arbelos
- Arbelos' Morsels
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Copyright © 1996-2018 Alexander Bogomolny
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