Rectilinear ParadoxThe British mathematician and math popularizer Marcus du Sautoy passed around on twitter.com a link to a page at a wonderful Futility closet blog which presents a paradox by Roberto Casati. Write an infinite list
All the statements below this one are false. If you succeed, the paradox would stem from the mere existence of such a list. The purpose of this short note is to show that in order to obtain a paradox Roberto Casati has requested too much. It would be sufficient to replace the universal quantifier ∀ (All) with the existential quantifier ∃ (Some of) as in the infinite list:
Some of the statements below this one are false. Roberto Casati has aptly referred to his paradox as a rectilinear one; both fall into that category; both rely on the infinitude of the sentences below each of them; and both could be extended to infinity upwards making them even more markedly rectilinear. Casati argues as follows: This array manages to be paradoxical without being circular. The statements can't all be false, because that would make the first one true, a contradiction. But neither can any one of them be true, as a true statement would have to be followed by an infinity of false statements, and the falsity of any one of them implies the truth of some that follow. "A paradox - but a rectilinear one." For the "existential" modification, we adapt that reasoning. We argue that the statements can't all be true, because this would make the first one false, a contradiction. But neither can any one of them be false, as a false statement would have to be followed by an infinity of all true statements, and the truth of any one of them implies the falsity of some that follow.
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