Three Congruent Circles by Reflection II: What is this about?
A Mathematical Droodle

 

This applet requires Sun's Java VM 2 which your browser may perceive as a popup. Which it is not. If you want to see the applet work, visit Sun's website at https://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp, download and install Java VM and enjoy the applet.


What if applet does not run?

Explanation

|Activities| |Contact| |Front page| |Contents| |Geometry|

Copyright © 1996-2018 Alexander Bogomolny

The applet attempts to illustrate a theorem by Quang Tuan Bui:

  In ΔABC, L is the incenter, Ab and Ac are reflections of A in the angle bisectors BL and CL. Ba, Bc, Ca, and Cb are defined similarly. Then the circumcircles of triangles ACbBc, BAcCa, and CBaAb are congruent.

 

This applet requires Sun's Java VM 2 which your browser may perceive as a popup. Which it is not. If you want to see the applet work, visit Sun's website at https://www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp, download and install Java VM and enjoy the applet.


What if applet does not run?

Proof

Reflect Bc and Cb in AL to obtain B'c and C'b. Similarly construct A'c, A'b, C'a and B'a. Observe that (as vectors)

  BC'a = CB'a,
CA'b = AC'b,
AB'c = BA'c.

If O is the circumcenter of ΔABC we can define points X, Y, Z so that

  OX = BC'a = CB'a,
OY = CA'b = AC'b,
OZ = AB'c = BA'c.

Thus we also obtain three triangle congruencies:

  ΔOXY = ΔCB'aA'b
ΔOYZ = ΔAC'bB'c,
ΔOZX = ΔA'cC'a.

(In fact the triangles are not just congruent, they are obtained from each other by translations with vectors OC, OB, and OA, respectively.) We need to prove that the three triangles on the left have equal circumcircles. To this end, suffice it to show that the four points O, X, Y, Z are concyclic.

By construction, say,

  LC = LCa = LC'a

so that LC = LC'a making the projection of L onto BC the midpoint of CC'a and also the midpoint of BB'a. This implies that the trapezoid OXC'aC is isosceles, with L on the orthogonal bisectors of one of the bases (CC'a). It then is also on the orthogonal bisector of the other base, viz., OX, implying

  LO = LX.

Similarly,

  LO = LY and IO = LZ.

The points O, X, Y, Z are indeed concyclic which prove our statement: the three (actually 6) circles at hand are congruent to L(O), the circle through O with center L.

As an extra, we'll show that the centers of the six circles all lie on the circle with center L and radius R, the circumradius of ΔABC.

Indeed, let Oa, Ob, Oc, O'a, O'b, O'c be the circumcenters of triangles ABcCb, BAcCa, CBaAb, AB'cC'b, BA'cC'a, CB'aA'b. Since primed triangles are translations of those in L(O), all segments AO'a, BO'b, and CO'c are equal and parallel to OL giving

  LO'a = LO'b = LO'c = R.

But Oa, Ob, Oc are reflections of O'a, O'b, O'c in the respective angle bisectors, from which also

  LOa = LOb = LOc = R,

and we are done.

An additional fact is worth mentioning: since AO'a, BO'b, and CO'c are parallel, they can be said to concur at infinity. Their isogonal reflections AOa, BOb, and COc

also concur with the point of concurrence lying on the circumcircle of ΔABC.

References

  1. Quang Tuan Bui, Two Triads of Congruent Circles from Reflections, Forum Geometricorum, Volume 8 (2008) 7–12.

|Activities| |Contact| |Front page| |Contents| |Geometry|

Copyright © 1996-2018 Alexander Bogomolny

71471536