A Not Symmetric Inequality
Problem
Prove the inequality
$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}}\ge\frac{1}{3}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i},$
where $x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n}$ are all positive and $x_{n+1}=x_{1}.$
Solution
The summands on the left lack symmetry which seems to be desirable if not easy to repair. How would the repaired left-hand side look like?
$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{3}+x_{i+1}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}}.$
But, since $a^{3}+b^{3}=(a+b)(a^{2}-ab+b^{2})$ and $\displaystyle\frac{a^{2}-ab+b^{2}}{a^{2}+ab+b^{2}}\ge\frac{1}{3},$ the modified left-hand side would allow an estimate
$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{3}+x_{i+1}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}}\ge \frac{2}{3}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}.$
Now, the perhaps unexpected part of this is that there is an identity:
$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i+1}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}},$
such that the modified left-hand side was equal to exactly twice the original one, and this solves the problem. But why we have that identity? This is due to $a^{3}-b^{3}=(a-b)(a^{2}+ab+b^{2})$ such that
$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x_{i}^{3}-x_{i+1}^{3}}{x_{i}^{2}+x_{i}x_{i+1}+x_{i+1}^{2}}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-x_{i+1})=0.$
References
- S. Savchev, T. Andreescu, Mathematical Miniatures, MAA, 2003, pp. 73-74
- An Inequality for Grade 8
- An Extension of the AM-GM Inequality
- Schur's Inequality
- Newton's and Maclaurin's Inequalities
- Rearrangement Inequality
- Chebyshev Inequality
- A Mathematical Rabbit out of an Algebraic Hat
- An Inequality With an Infinite Series
- An Inequality: 1/2 * 3/4 * 5/6 * ... * 99/100 less than 1/10
- A Low Bound for 1/2 * 3/4 * 5/6 * ... * (2n-1)/2n
- An Inequality: Easier to prove a subtler inequality
- Inequality with Logarithms
- An inequality: 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + ... less than 2
- Inequality with Harmonic Differences
- An Inequality by Uncommon Induction
- From Triangle Inequality to Inequality in Triangle
- Area Inequality in Triangle II
- An Inequality in Triangle
- Hlawka's Inequality
- An Application of Hlawka's Inequality
- An Inequality in Determinants
- An Application of Schur's Inequality
- An Inequality from Tibet
- Application of Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
- Area Inequalities in Triangle
- An Inequality from Tibet
- An Inequality with Constraint
- An Inequality with Constraints II
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